Indian Scientists Develop Nanomaterial to Stimulate Brain Cells Without Surgery

The study, led by scientists at the Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), an autonomous body under the Department of Science and Technology, was published in ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces.

A team of Indian researchers has developed a nanomaterial capable of directly interacting with neurons, offering a potential non-invasive approach to treating brain disorders. 

The study, led by scientists at the Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), an autonomous body under the Department of Science and Technology, was published in ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces.

The material, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄), has been shown to encourage neurons to grow, mature, and communicate more effectively. Laboratory studies revealed that g-C₃N₄ enhances dopamine production in brain-like cells and reduces toxic proteins associated with Parkinson’s disease in animal models.

Existing therapies for neurological conditions, such as deep brain stimulation, require surgical implants, while other methods depend on magnetic or ultrasound waves, which are either invasive or limited in effectiveness. In contrast, g-C₃N₄ generates tiny electric fields in response to the brain’s own signals when positioned near nerve cells. These fields activate calcium channels on neurons, promoting growth and strengthening networks.

“This is the first demonstration of semiconducting nanomaterials directly modulating neurons without external stimulation,” said Dr. Manish Singh, who led the study. “It opens new therapeutic avenues for neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s.”

The researchers explained that the material functions like a smart switch: it activates in the presence of negative membrane potential to stimulate neurons and deactivates under positive potential to prevent neuronal fatigue. 

The effect was confirmed through calcium imaging, gene expression, and immunofluorescence studies.

With neurodegenerative conditions on the rise globally, the biocompatible nanomaterial offers promise as a non-invasive therapy. It could also contribute to emerging technologies such as “brainware computing,” where living brain tissue is integrated with semiconducting materials to act as biological processors.

“We believe this marks a paradigm shift in neuromodulation research. From treating brain injuries to managing neurodegeneration, semiconducting nanomaterials hold immense promise for the future,” Dr. Singh added, while noting that additional preclinical and clinical trials are required before human applications.

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